Understanding Toothaches and Sensitive Teeth

Toothaches and sensitive teeth are two prevalent dental conditions that can significantly impact your oral health and overall well-being. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and potential treatments for these issues is essential for managing discomfort and preventing further dental complications. A toothache typically involves localized pain around a tooth, often stemming from dental decay, gum disease, abscesses, fractures, or tooth grinding. Tooth sensitivity refers to discomfort caused by specific stimuli such as extreme temperatures, sweet and acidic foods, or air. Receding gums, decay, or cracked teeth often result in heightened sensitivity.


Dental treatments such as fillings, root canals, or gum treatments tackle underlying issues causing toothaches and sensitivity. Desensitizing toothpaste, fluoride applications, and regular dental check-ups can help manage the discomfort. Consulting our dentist is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.

What Is A Toothache?

A toothache refers to pain experienced around a tooth or within the oral cavity. Several factors contribute to toothaches:


  • Dental Decay (Cavities) | Dental decay, caused by bacterial activity in the mouth, is one of the primary reasons for toothaches. Bacteria generate acids that gradually erode tooth enamel, creating cavities. As decay progresses and reaches the inner layers of a tooth, it exposes nerve endings, resulting in sensitivity and pain.
  • Gum Disease | Infections and inflammation affecting the gums can cause discomfort and pain. Gingivitis, an early stage of gum disease characterized by swollen and bleeding gums, can progress to periodontitis, causing pain around the affected teeth and potential tooth loss if left untreated.
  • Tooth Abscess | An abscess is a collection of pus caused by a bacterial infection. It can develop at the root of a tooth or between the tooth and gum tissue. This condition is often associated with severe, throbbing pain and requires immediate dental attention to prevent further complications.
  • Tooth Trauma | Accidents, injuries, or biting down on hard objects can result in a cracked or damaged tooth, leading to acute pain and discomfort. Fractured teeth can expose sensitive areas, causing sensitivity to temperature changes and pressure.
  • Bruxism (Teeth Grinding) | Grinding or clenching teeth, often involuntarily during sleep, can cause toothaches and jaw pain. Over time, bruxism can wear down tooth enamel, leading to increased sensitivity and pain.

What Causes Sensitive Teeth?

Having sensitive teeth causes discomfort or pain in response to certain triggers, such as hot or cold temperatures, sweet or acidic foods, or even breathing cold air. Common causes of sensitive teeth include:


  • Exposed Tooth Roots | Receding gums due to age, gum disease, or aggressive brushing habits can expose tooth roots. Unlike enamel, the roots are composed of dentin, a softer tissue containing microscopic tubules that connect to the nerves, leading to sensitivity when exposed.
  • Enamel Erosion | Acidic foods and beverages, gastrointestinal reflux, or excessive consumption of acidic substances can gradually wear down tooth enamel. This exposes the dentin layer, leading to increased sensitivity.
  • Tooth Decay or Cavities | When dental decay progresses and affects the dentin, it can cause sensitivity and discomfort, especially when consuming hot, cold, or sweet foods and beverages.
  • Dental Procedures | Some dental treatments such as professional cleanings, fillings, or teeth whitening procedures might cause temporary sensitivity. However, this usually resolves shortly after the procedure.
  • Cracked Teeth | Fractured or cracked teeth can expose the sensitive inner layers, leading to increased sensitivity and discomfort when exposed to various stimuli.

Treatments Available For Toothaches and Sensitive Teeth

The treatment for toothaches and sensitive teeth depends on the underlying cause and may include dental fillings for cavities, root canal therapy for infections, or periodontal treatments for gum disease. Before these issues have a chance to develop, we recommend our patients to take proper precaution to ensure their oral health remains intact. Using specialized toothpaste containing compounds such as potassium nitrate or fluoride can help reduce sensitivity over time. Additionally, in-office fluoride treatments may strengthen enamel and decrease tooth sensitivity. Adopting good oral hygiene practices, such as using a soft-bristled toothbrush and avoiding acidic or sugary foods, can help prevent enamel erosion and subsequent sensitivity. For patients who suffer from bruxism, wearing a custom mouth guard while sleeping can protect teeth from grinding and alleviate associated pain.



Toothaches and sensitive teeth can significantly impact your quality of life. Seeking professional dental care, maintaining good oral hygiene habits, and addressing underlying issues promptly are crucial steps in managing and preventing these conditions. Regular dental check-ups and early intervention can prevent minor issues from escalating into something more severe. If your teeth are overly sensitive, or if you are experiencing a sharp pain in your tooth, you should contact our office as soon as possible. We offer same-day appointments for dental emergencies.

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